TYPICAL ERROR If there are no rules and laws, our world will be in chaos.
CORRECTION If there were no rules and laws, our world would be in chaos.
EXPLANATION In 'If I were a boy', Beyoncé explains what she would do if she were a boy. This is an example of subjunctive mood, which is where we propose something contrary to what is - a bit like a wish. Subjunctive mood is often signalled by the word 'if ' (but not always) and the mood is indicated by verbs normally associated with the past tense (were, would, had) and infinitives (especially be), as in:
- If I were you, I would see a doctor about that infection.
- If Mum were here, she would know what to do.
- If you had taken the next exit, you would have arrived sooner.
- Were I her, I would accept the position.
- It is essential that you be early.
- We recommend/suggest/request that you stay at least a week.
In the typical error above, indicative mood has been used where the subjunctive is required. The following chart shows how subjunctive verbs vary according to tense.
| PAST | PRESENT | FUTURE | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subjunctive mood: to play | If he had played on the left wing, he would have been happier. | If he plays on the left wing, who will play on the right wing? | If he were to play for his school tomorrow, he would not be available for the club game. |
| Subjunctive mood: to swim | If she had swum more slowly at the start, she would not have faded at the end. | If she swims well today, she will make it into the team. | If she were to swim in the 200 metres, she would not be able to swim in the 400 metres. |
Change the relevant word in each of the following sentences.