English Toolkit

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5.1Forming regular plurals (adding s)
TYPICAL ERROR There are six player on a side.
CORRECTION There are six players on a side.

EXPLANATION The word player refers to one player, a single player. Thus we say that the word player is singular. If we wish to talk about more than one player, we simply add an s to player to make players. We say that players is the plural form of player.

Adding the letter s to a noun is the most common way to show plural number in English. Some languages create plurals by other methods, such as placing a modifying word beside the noun. People used to such languages often forget to add s to nouns when the number is plural. They might think that the word six, for example (as in the typical error) shows that player is plural. If you are from a non-English speaking background, remember that, in English, the noun itself must be varied according to the number ... and the most common way to make a noun plural is to add s.

People who have problems knowing when to add s to nouns often also have a problem with verbs. It helps if we recognise the following common pattern in English. In the present tense, an s will often end either the noun or the verb, but not both. When the noun is singular, the noun will not end in s but the verb often will; when the noun is plural, it will often end in s but the verb will not, as in:

  • a horse gallops horses gallop
  • a snail crawls snails crawl
  • the phone rings phones ring
  • a bird chirps birds chirp
  • the baby sleeps babies sleep
  • the trumpet sounds trumpets sound

There are some nouns that are confusing because they may appear to be plural but they are really singular: for example, the word advice is often used to refer to all the accumulated bits of advice given over a period of time (so we do not say advices.) Similarly, words such as experience can encompass all the things that have happened to someone; their range of experiences results in experience.

Some of these tricky nouns have been used in these sentences to show you the correct use.

  • a.  Shrubs provide refuge for all sorts of creatures.
  • b.  Most states have daylight saving.
  • c.  Despite all his experience, he did not get the job.
  • d.  We hope that this scheme will help reduce the road toll.
  • e.  In later life, we often wish that we had heeded our parents’ advice.
  • f.  They had to carefully balance their weight in the boat.
  • g.  After the tsunami, international aid was sought from other countries.
  • h.  A problem with home schooling can be lack of interaction with other children.
  • i.   A lot of the infrastructure of the city was damaged by the earthquake.
  • j.  Many countries are having to deal with skyrocketing inflation.

One noun in each of these sentences should be plural instead of singular. Rewrite the noun as a plural.
aAll the store window glitter with decorations.
bMore than a thousand runner participated.
cThe army has just sent one hundred more soldier.
dNine month later, a healthy baby was born.
eHeart problem can result from a high fat diet.
fI am not particularly good at writing essay.
gThis book includes recipe for vegetarians.
hMillions of dollar have already been donated.
iMany volunteer donate their time and energy.
jSmoking has many associated health problem.
Success!