English Toolkit

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4.1Conjunctions: Coordinating conjunctions
TYPICAL ERROR Are boys and girls born with different characteristics? Or are they moulded into different types of personalities by the examples of those around them?
CORRECTION Are boys and girls born with different characteristics or are they moulded into different types of personalities by the examples of those around them?

EXPLANATION The words for, and, nor, but, or, yet and so are coordinating conjunctions; they join sentences and the same sorts of clauses together in the same way that plus and minus signs join elements of mathematical statements together. The word ‘conjunction’ comes from the Latin con and junctio, meaning joining with, so given that conjunctions join things together, it does not make sense to start a sentence with a conjunction.

In the sample error above, ‘or’ has been used to start a new sentence when in fact it is a conjunction and is actually joining (compounding) two simple sentences together to make a compound sentence.

By using conjunctions, you can compound more than two sentences. Take these four simple sentences, for example:

Lightning flashed. Thunder roared. Rain bucketed down. Dad kept snoring.

Those four simple sentences can be joined by conjunctions to make this compound sentence:

Lightning flashed and thunder roared and rain bucketed down but Dad kept snoring.

When we have a list of sentences, we usually replace the conjunctions with commas in all but the final case:

Lightning flashed, thunder roared, rain bucketed down but Dad kept snoring.

Rewrite each of these fragmented sentences as one sentence: you should punctuate the second statement in each group as part of the total sentence.
aMany are few are chosen.
bWould you like to organise the tickets to the would you like me to do it?
cHe is a brilliant he is often asked to play at functions.
dThey work very they still can't make ends meet.
eI have a I will stay at home.
f
Success!